Typhoid fever

Typhoid fever · ICD-10 A010 · ICD-11 1A07 · 7 WHO events across 6 countries (1996–2023).

Top affected countries

Country	Region	Events	% of global
Tajikistan	EUR	2	29%
Algeria	AFR	1	14%
Congo Democratic Republic of the	AFR	1	14%
Congo	AFR	1	14%
Uganda	AFR	1	14%
Pakistan	EMR	1	14%

Distribution by WHO region

Region	Events	Share
AFR	4	57%
EUR	2	29%
EMR	1	14%

Annual outbreak timeline

Year	Events	Countries
2023	1	1
2018	1	1
2015	1	1
2004	1	1
1997	1	1
1996	2	2

Peak year: 1996 (2 events).

Decade summary

Decade	Events
1990s	3
2000s	1
2010s	2
2020s	1

Clinical description

An acute illness characterized by fever caused by infection with the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Typhoid fever has an insidious onset, with fever, headache, constipation, malaise, chills, and muscle pain. Diarrhea is uncommon, and vomiting is not usually severe.

Symptoms (severity 1–7)

Symptom	Severity
Diarrhoea	6
Nausea	5
Vomiting	5
Constipation	4
Fatigue	4
Chills	3
Headache	3
Abdominal pain	—
Belly pain	—
High fever	—
Toxic look (typhos)	—

Recommended precautions

• Eat high calorie vegitables
• Antiboitic therapy
• Consult doctor
• Medication

WHO case definition

A condition caused by an infection with the gram-negative bacteria Salmonella typhi. This condition is characterised by an acute sustained fever. This condition may present with weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, or flat, rose-coloured spots. Transmission is by the faecal-oral route from the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Confirmation is by identification of Salmonella typhi in a faecal or blood sample.