Simulation of moderate heat stress in an FBN climate chamber: a Holstein dairy cow at 28 °C – conditions that are becoming increasingly common as a result of climate change. Credit: FBN
Climate change is transforming livestock farming—and at a faster rate than many anticipate. More frequent and intense heat waves place a heavy physiological strain on dairy cows.
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Scientists at the Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) have demonstrated that even moderate heat stress causes measurable changes in the blood of Holstein cows. These include signs of inflammatory processes and the activation of blood clotting. The findings are published in the journal Frontiers in Immunology.
At the same time, certain defense mechanisms in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are suppressed. These effects were already evident after just seven days of heat stress and provide veterinarians and dairy farmers with concrete indicators for recognizing and counteracting heat stress at an early stage.
"When cows are affected by the heat, their entire organism reacts," explains Dr. Franziska Koch from the FBN. "Changes in the blood, a weakened immune system and early signs of coagulation can reduce the animals' performance and increase their susceptibility to disease. The fact that these processes begin even at moderate temperatures highlights the importance of consistent heat management in the barn."
Under these environmental conditions, the researchers found bacterial components (endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria) in the blood, and the concentration of these components rose as heat stress increased. At the same time, the body's immune system responded by triggering inflammatory processes to remove these foreign components from the blood.
However, certain defense pathways—which are usually important for a targeted adaptive immune response—were suppressed. Furthermore, the low number of blood platelets indicated an activated coagulation cascade—a finding that was previously observed only in cases of severe heat stress with a fatal outcome.
Dairy cows naturally produce a large amount of heat. When it is warm outside, their bodies find it difficult to dissipate this heat and activate cooling processes. This can temporarily increase the permeability of the intestinal barrier, allowing endotoxins to enter the bloodstream and trigger inflammatory processes.
The new data show that this process begins even in moderate heat. In terms of day-to-day operations on dairy farms, this means taking countermeasures earlier and improving the barn environment. This can be achieved by shifting watering and feeding times to cooler periods of the day and keeping a close eye on water and feed intake by dairy cows.
For veterinary interventions, it may be important to check blood clotting in individual cases in the laboratory to better assess the animal's physiological condition.
Holstein dairy cows were studied under controlled conditions of moderate heat stress (THI 76, approximately 28°C [82°F]) for seven days. Immune responses and coagulation markers were measured over time in blood samples taken at regular intervals. These results provide valuable insights for effective heat management in barns, as well as for veterinary practice.
The temperature-humidity index (THI) is a parameter that combines temperature and relative humidity. It is used in dairy cows to estimate the threshold for heat stress.
For lactating dairy cows, a THI of around 68 is already considered the threshold for heat stress, at which point the first negative signs appear.
A THI of 76 corresponds to approximately 28°C (82°F) with medium humidity and indicates moderate heat stress.
A THI >78 leads to increased heat stress with negative effects on animal health and milk yield.
Publication details
Franziska Koch et al, Dynamic immune and molecular responses to chronic heat stress in blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dairy cows, Frontiers in Immunology (2025). DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1633453
Master's in physics with research experience. Long-time science news enthusiast. Plays key role in Science X's editorial success.
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Moderate heat is enough to trigger signs of inflammation and coagulation in dairy cows (2026, July 14)
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Chris Ferguson’s company Oddfellows has signed a first-look deal with Warner Bros. and intends to produce modestly budgeted movies for the studio’s new specialty label, Clockwork.
Oddfellows was founded in 2013 and is best known for producing indie horror hits like “Backrooms,” “Longlegs” and “The Monkey.” Clockwork is led by former Neon executive Christian Parkes, who worked with Ferguson on “Longlegs” and “The Monkey.”
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As part of the deal, the Oddfellows studio in Vancouver will be utilized by Warner Bros. for projects backed by Ferguson as well as movies the company brings to him from across the motion picture group’s various labels, including Warner Bros. Pictures and New Line Cinema.
In a press release, Warner Bros. Clockwork said the pact with Ferguson will reinforce the label’s mission to “work with the best filmmakers in an aggressively priced theatrical film model.”
“The future of theatrical depends on a slate with real range — films of every size, style and ambition, from world-class established filmmakers to the bold new voices who will define what comes next. Chris Ferguson and the team at Oddfellows have built a filmmaker-first creative engine with a proven ability to discover, support and elevate original talent,” says Warner Bros. Pictures Group’s Michael De Luca and Pam Abdy. “This partnership gives us an exciting new way to bring distinctive, smartly produced films to audiences across the theatrical landscape.”
Ferguson praised Abdy and De Luca for fostering “the kind of studio environment that invites filmmakers to create their best work.”
“It was obvious right away that we’re driven by the same passion for talent,” Ferguson said. “Together we are going to be able to be ambitious and take the risks we need to elevate the next generation of filmmakers while continuing to forge new ground with the greatest artists of today.”
Osgood Perkins, who directed “Longlegs” and “The Monkey,” and Kane Parsons, the filmmaker behind “Backrooms,” attributed the success of their films to a helpful hand from Ferguson and his team.
“Chris Ferguson and his merry band of brilliant collaborators at Oddfellows did nothing less than teach me what it actually means to be a filmmaker,” said Perkins. “We discovered ‘Longlegs’ as a collective and without their inspiration and impact I’d still be just some guy.”
Parsons teased he’s “very excited to continue collaborating with this lot.”
“I cannot stress enough how integral Chris and the Oddfellows team were to the creation and success of ‘Backrooms.’ The level of intense care, focus, and trust I found from every individual we worked with was incredibly heartening,” Parsons said. “Chris is a fantastically meticulous creative partner and has done a stand-out job of curating a well-oiled, human-centric production system over the last decade.
Warner Bros. Clockwork’s inaugural feature is Sean Baker’s “Ti Amo,” described as a “love letter to the Italian sex comedies of the ’60s and ’70s.” The budding label has since acquired director Park Chan-Wook’s western “The Brigands of Rattlecreek” and Ken Russell’s “The Devils.” %!s()
Mountain View, California, July 14, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The Computer History Museum (CHM) today announced two transformative gifts totaling more than $14 million to honor John W. Walker, cofounder, first president of Autodesk and the coauthor of AutoCAD, a pioneering figure whose work helped define modern digital design and continues to influence how technology is created and used today.
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The gifts will enable the creation of dynamic new rotating exhibits and reimagination of the permanent computer graphics gallery called the John and Roxie Walker Computer Graphics, Music & Art Gallery. Located within the Museum's signature exhibit, Revolution: The First 2000 Years of Computing, it is scheduled to open spring 2027. It will also fund key efforts to preserve and make the John Walker Collection accessible to researchers.
The donor, the Mad Scientists Anonymous, shares a deep appreciation for the role of computing in shaping the modern world and has requested that CHM honor the life and legacy of John Walker, a pivotal figure in the personal computing revolution.
"John Walker was a visionary technologist whose contributions helped shape the personal computing revolution and transform the field of digital design," said CHM President and CEO Marc Etkind. "These extraordinary gifts enable the Computer History Museum to preserve an invaluable collection and create bold, immersive experiences that illuminate the technologies influencing our world today. We are deeply grateful for the opportunity to honor John's remarkable legacy in such a lasting way."
The updated graphics gallery will feature elements such as large-scale projection mapping to explore the intersection of the history of computer graphics, music, and art. The gift will also support a curated digital gallery on the history of computer graphics—featuring highlights from the John Walker Collection and made accessible worldwide through the Museum's OpenCHM portal. In addition, it will enable the development of ongoing new exhibitions, ensuring CHM continues to tell a complete and evolving story of how computing, including emerging technologies, has shaped the world.
"John Walker spent his life exploring how technology could empower people to create," said a representative speaking on behalf of an anonymous donor. "By supporting the Computer History Museum, we hope to honor John's legacy by ensuring his ideas, work, and collections are preserved, and by helping CHM spark curiosity and understanding about computing for generations to come."
Leveraging CHM's unparalleled collection of computing artifacts, the newly endowed John and Roxie Walker Exhibit Series will explore a wide range of relevant topics that advance the Museum's mission of decoding technology for everyone—its computing past, digital present, and future impact on humanity.
The gifts are part of Power On: Decoding the Past, Igniting the Future, a comprehensive campaign to strengthen the Museum for the long term and expand how the institution collects, interprets, and shares the history of computing and its impact on the world to inspire the next generation who will lead our future.
About John Walker
John W. Walker (1949-2024) was the principal cofounder of Autodesk, today a multibillion-dollar software company, and an initial coauthor of its flagship product, AutoCAD, which profoundly democratized access to computer-aided design (CAD) in engineering, design, architecture, construction, and beyond. A prolific and entrepreneurial computer programmer, Walker had wide-ranging interests and engagements from astronomy to nanotechnology and hypertext systems.
With his wife Roxie Walker, he helped support a number of cultural and humanitarian concerns ranging from land mine removal to archeological research. The Computer History Museum recently accessioned a substantial collection of John Walker's personal and professional papers and other materials. It includes extensive documentation of his history with Autodesk and a predecessor firm, Marinchip, which Walker established in the 1970s to make microcomputers and associated software, as well as materials from across his wide array of other interests and activities.
About CHM The Computer History Museum (CHM) is dedicated to decoding technology—its computing past, digital present, and future impact on humanity. Located in Silicon Valley, the Museum curates the world's foremost collection of artifacts and oral histories, documenting the people, companies, and technological innovations that have shaped the world. Supported by staff, partners, volunteers, pioneers, and visionaries from around the world, CHM offers dynamic experiences spanning research, exhibits, events, and an unparalleled collection. The Museum strives to engage and inspire audiences, empowering them to become informed digital citizens and make choices for a better future.
Markets Insider and Business Insider Editorial Teams were not involved in the creation of this post.%!s()
Nothing beats cooling off with an ice-cream cone on a hot summer day.
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And no matter whether you're strolling a beach boardwalk, exploring a small town, or taking a road trip across the country, a stop at a beloved local ice cream shop is a summer tradition in every state.
To identify the most iconic ice cream shop in each state, we considered longtime local institutions, award-winning or nationally revered spots, and shops whose signature flavors have become closely associated with their states and communities.
From century-old soda fountains and roadside stands to small-batch creameries that have become national sensations, these destinations offer more than just a good scoop.
Here's the most iconic ice cream shop in every state.
ALABAMA: Trowbridge's Ice Cream & Sandwich Shop in Florence
Trowbridge's Ice Cream & Sandwich Shop.
Morgan V./Yelp
Trowbridge's has been scooping ice cream in downtown Florence since 1918, making it Alabama's oldest ice cream shop and the city's oldest business still operating in its original location.
Four generations of the Trowbridge family have kept the soda fountain going over the years, turning it into a beloved local landmark.
The signature orange-pineapple ice cream, created by founder Paul Trowbridge, is the must-order flavor.
ALASKA: Wild Scoops in Anchorage
Wild Scoops.
Sylvia K./Yelp
Wild Scoops has helped redefine Alaska's ice cream scene by showcasing local ingredients in small-batch flavors inspired by the state.
Since opening in 2015, the shop has earned national attention for creative flavors such as baked Alaska, Fruity Pebbles, and Thai tea.
ARIZONA: Sugar Bowl in Scottsdale
Sugar Bowl.
Yasmine D./Yelp
The bubblegum-pink Sugar Bowl has been an Old Town Scottsdale icon since 1958, changing little over the decades.
Order a towering banana split, hot fudge sundae, or one of the shop's classic ice cream sodas to get the full experience.
ARKANSAS: Loblolly Creamery in Little Rock
Loblolly Creamery.
Amber L./Yelp
Loblolly Creamery partners with local farmers and uses seasonal ingredients whenever possible.
Since opening in 2011, the shop has built a loyal following for its inventive flavors, such as buttermilk, and house-made waffle cones.
CALIFORNIA: Bi-Rite Creamery in San Francisco
Bi-Rite Creamery.
Cara M./Yelp
Since its opening in 2006, Bi-Rite Creamery has become known across the state for artisanal ice cream, and long lines outside its Mission District shop have become part of the experience.
Salted caramel is the undisputed signature flavor, though honey lavender and balsamic strawberry remain favorites, as well.
COLORADO: Little Man Ice Cream in Denver
Little Man Ice Cream.
Sabrina H./Yelp
Housed inside a 28-foot-tall milk can, Little Man Ice Cream has been one of Denver's most recognizable landmarks since opening in 2008. The whimsical shop often draws lines around the block and has become a must-visit for locals and tourists.
Salted Oreo, banana pudding, and the classic sweet cream are among its most popular scoops.
CONNECTICUT: Ferris Acres Creamery in Newtown
Ferris Acres Creamery.
Jocelyn P./Yelp
Ferris Acres Creamery has been serving homemade ice cream on a working dairy farm since 2003.
Visitors can enjoy a cone while overlooking the cows that help produce the cream, making it one of New England's most charming ice cream destinations.
Black raspberry, moose tracks, and seasonal fruit flavors are customer favorites.
DELAWARE: The Ice Cream Store in Rehoboth Beach
The Ice Cream Store.
Tara B./Yelp
The Ice Cream Store has been a Rehoboth Beach boardwalk tradition for decades, becoming famous for its enormous selection of homemade flavors.
It has well over 100 rotating flavors, featuring fun names like Motor Oil and Cereal Killer.
FLORIDA: Jaxson's Ice Cream Parlor & Restaurant in Dania Beach
Jaxson's Ice Cream Parlor & Restaurant.
Jaxson’s Ice Cream Parlor and Restaurant/Yelp
Jaxson's has been delighting South Florida since 1956 with towering sundaes, nostalgic decor, and portions that are almost comically large.
The family-owned restaurant has been featured on numerous travel shows and remains one of Florida's most famous ice cream parlors.
The Kitchen Sink sundae — loaded with scoops, toppings, whipped cream, and cherries — is legendary.
GEORGIA: Leopold's Ice Cream in Savannah
Leopold's Ice Cream.
Ansha G./Yelp
Leopold's has been a Savannah institution since 1919, with lines often stretching down the block for a taste of its old-fashioned ice cream.
Tutti Frutti, made with rum ice cream, candied fruit, and fresh roasted Georgia pecans, is the shop's century-old signature flavor.
HAWAII: Lappert's Hawaii in Kauai
Lappert's Hawaii.
Lillian S./Yelp
Lappert's began on Kauai in 1983 and has become synonymous with premium Hawaiian ice cream, incorporating island-grown ingredients like Kona coffee, macadamia nuts, and tropical fruits into many of its signature flavors and family recipes.
The Kauai pie flavor, made with coffee ice cream, chocolate fudge, coconut, and macadamia nuts, is one standout order.
IDAHO: Westside Drive-In in Boise
Westside Drive-In.
Mike M./Yelp
Westside Drive-In isn't just famous for burgers — it's also home to Idaho's most iconic frozen treat. Guy Fieri featured the retro drive-in on "Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives," helping introduce its most unusual dessert to a national audience.
The must-order is the Idaho ice cream potato: a potato-shaped dessert made from vanilla ice cream rolled in cocoa powder and topped with whipped cream and cookie crumbs.
ILLINOIS: The Original Rainbow Cone in Chicago
The Original Rainbow Cone.
Vivienne Q./Yelp
Since 1926, this South Side institution has been serving slices of five flavors stacked into one colorful cone: chocolate, strawberry, Palmer House (vanilla with cherries and walnuts), pistachio-almond, and orange sherbet.
A century later, The Original Rainbow Cone is still one of Chicago's defining summer traditions.
INDIANA: Zaharakos Ice Cream Parlor and Museum in Columbus
Zaharakos.
Pooja S./Yelp
Opened in 1900, this beautifully restored soda fountain features antique marble counters, ornate woodwork, and an extensive collection of vintage mechanical-music machines and music rolls.
Zaharakos' hand-crafted sodas, phosphate drinks, and classic sundaes are every bit as memorable as the historic surroundings.
IOWA: Wells Visitor Center & Ice Cream Parlor in Le Mars
Wells Visitor Center & Ice Cream Parlor.
Suzy W./Yelp
Le Mars proudly calls itself the "Ice Cream Capital of the World," and Wells Enterprises — the maker of Blue Bunny ice cream — helps justify the title. The visitor center celebrates the company's history while serving generous scoops of Blue Bunny ice cream.
Signature sundaes, shakes, and rotating Blue Bunny flavors make this a must-stop tourist destination for ice cream lovers.
KANSAS: Sylas and Maddy's Homemade Ice Cream in Lawrence
Sylas & Maddy's Homemade Ice Cream.
Jennifer M./Yelp
Since opening in Lawrence in 1997, Sylas & Maddy's has earned a cult following for making dozens of small-batch flavors from scratch every day. A second location opened in Olathe in 1999.
The family-owned shop has become a Kansas institution thanks to playful flavors and consistently long lines, especially during the height of the summer.
Peanut butter cup and Cookie Monster, along with rotating seasonal flavors, are among the shop's biggest hits.
KENTUCKY: Crank & Boom Craft Ice Cream in Lexington
Crank & Boom Craft Ice Cream.
Phillip G./Yelp
Crank & Boom started as a small operation inside a Thai restaurant before growing into one of Kentucky's most acclaimed ice cream brands.
Kentucky-inspired flavors like bourbon and honey, blackberry and buttermilk, and blueberry lime cheesecake are among its most popular offerings.
LOUISIANA: Angelo Brocato in New Orleans
Angelo Brocato.
Yari W./Yelp
Angelo Brocato has been serving Sicilian-style gelato and Italian desserts since 1905, making it one of New Orleans' oldest family-run businesses.
The pistachio and spumoni gelatos are classic flavors at this historic ice cream shop.
MAINE: Red's Dairy Freeze in South Portland
Red's Dairy Freeze.
Audrey L./Yelp
For many Mainers, summer doesn't officially begin until Red's Dairy Freeze reopens for the season.
The stand, which opened in 1952, serves classic soft-serve cones as well as other cold treats, including shakes, sundaes, Nor'easters (soft serve blended with a candy and topped with whipped cream), and slushes.
A vanilla soft-serve cone dipped in chocolate or rainbow sprinkles is the quintessential Red's order.
MARYLAND: The Charmery in Baltimore
The Charmery Hampden.
Shakerra E./Yelp
Since opening in 2013, The Charmery has become Baltimore's hometown ice cream shop, thanks to its rich small-batch ice cream and playful flavors inspired by the city.
The shop is known for balancing nostalgic classics like chocolate and vanilla with more inventive creations, and locals line up for scoops year-round.
MASSACHUSETTS: Toscanini's in Cambridge
Toscanini's Ice Cream.
Hannah S./Yelp
Since opening in 1981, Toscanini's has become one of the country's most celebrated independent ice cream shops, with a reputation that extends far beyond its two locations in Massachusetts.
The New York Times once famously said it served "the world's best ice cream," cementing its legendary status as a destination for frozen-dessert lovers.
MICHIGAN: Moomers Homemade Ice Cream in Traverse City
Moomers.
Katie L./Yelp
Nestled on a working dairy farm outside Traverse City, Moomers has become one of Michigan's most beloved summer destinations.
The family-owned creamery makes its ice cream with fresh milk from the farm's own cows, and in 2008, it was voted "America's Best Scoop" by Good Morning America, helping put it on the national map.
MINNESOTA: Grand Ole Creamery in St. Paul
Grand Ole Creamery.
Brooke K./Yelp
Grand Ole Creamery has been a Twin Cities favorite since 1984, drawing loyal customers with homemade waffle cones and generous scoops of super-premium ice cream.
The neighborhood institution regularly lands on lists of Minnesota's best ice cream shops, and its lines often stretch down the block on warm summer evenings.
MISSISSIPPI: Borroum's Drug Store & Soda Fountain in Corinth
Borroum's Drug Store Soda Fountain.
Campbell M./Yelp
Borroum's has been serving customers in downtown Corinth since 1865, making it Mississippi's oldest operating drugstore, according to Visit Mississippi.
Its vintage soda fountain offerings have become just as famous as the old-school pharmacy itself, drawing generations of locals for old-fashioned ice cream treats and milkshakes.
MISSOURI: Ted Drewes Frozen Custard in St. Louis
Ted Drewes Frozen Custard.
Mahauganee S./Yelp
Few frozen desserts are as synonymous with a city as Ted Drewes is with St. Louis.
Ted Drewes got its start in St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1929, and its first St. Louis location opened the following year. Its famous Chippewa Street stand, found along historic Route 66, has served customers from around the world since 1941.
It's known for its rich frozen custard and famously thick concretes, a thick dessert made by mixing frozen custard with nuts and candies.
MONTANA: Big Dipper Ice Cream in Missoula
Big Dipper Ice Cream.
Mollee C./Yelp
Big Dipper has been a Missoula staple since 1995 and has grown into one of Montana's best-known ice cream brands.
The shop makes its ice cream from scratch in small batches and regularly lands on national "best ice cream" lists.
NEBRASKA: Coneflower Creamery in Omaha
Coneflower Creamery.
Madeline P./Yelp
Coneflower Creamery, which opened in 2016, has quickly become one of America's most celebrated ice cream shops thanks to its farm-fresh ingredients and inventive small-batch flavors.
In 2026, it claimed the No. 1 spot as America's best ice cream shop in a USA Today ranking, bringing even more attention to the Omaha creamery.
NEVADA: Luv-It Frozen Custard in Las Vegas
Luv-It Frozen Custard.
Krystal B./Yelp
Luv-It Frozen Custard has been a Las Vegas institution since 1973, proving that the city offers more than casinos and buffets.
The family-owned stand still serves rich, freshly made frozen custard with unique toppings and mix-ins, as well as a flavor of the day.
NEW HAMPSHIRE: Hayward's Ice Cream in Nashua
Hayward's Ice Cream.
Sharon B./Yelp
Hayward's has been making homemade ice cream in southern New Hampshire since 1940 and remains one of the state's quintessential summer destinations.
The family-owned shop is known for serving enormous scoops in dozens of flavors, from maple walnut to moose tracks.
NEW JERSEY: Holsten's Brookdale Confectionery in Bloomfield
Holsten's Brookdale Confectionery.
Dolly C./Yelp
Holsten's has been delighting New Jersey natives since 1939, but it became a pop-culture landmark after the final scene of "The Sopranos" was filmed inside the old-fashioned ice cream parlor.
Today, fans of the show travel from around the world to sit in the famous booth while enjoying the same homemade ice cream.
NEW MEXICO: Taos Cow Ice Cream Co. in Arroyo Seco
Taos Cow.
Ingrid S./Yelp
Taos Cow has become one of New Mexico's favorite ice cream shops by making rich, small-batch ice cream with fresh local dairy.
Regional flavors like lavender honey, piñon caramel, and Mexican chocolate set the creamery apart.
NEW YORK: Van Leeuwen Ice Cream in New York City
Van Leeuwen Ice Cream.
Amy C./Yelp
What began as a small yellow scoop truck on the streets of New York City in 2008 has grown into one of the country's most recognizable premium ice cream brands.
Honeycomb is the signature flavor, while Earl Grey tea and Sicilian pistachio have become cult favorites.
NORTH CAROLINA: Tony's Ice Cream in Gastonia
Tony's Ice Cream Company
Chelsea R./Yelp
Tony's Ice Cream has been a Gastonia tradition since 1915, making it one of North Carolina's oldest ice cream shops.
The family-owned business has earned the loyalty of generations of customers with homemade ice cream and classic soda fountain treats.
NORTH DAKOTA: Pride Dairy in Bottineau
Pride Dairy.
Teresa M./Yelp
Pride Dairy has been making ice cream in Bottineau since the 1930s, becoming a beloved institution in northern North Dakota.
Its classic flavors, including butter brickle and chocolate peanut butter, continue to draw road-trippers every summer.
OHIO: Graeter's Ice Cream in Cincinnati
Graeter's Ice Cream.
Brock Z./Yelp
Graeter's has been making ice cream since 1870, and it remains one of the country's most iconic family-owned ice cream companies.
The brand still uses its signature French Pot process, which involves producing just a few gallons of ice cream at a time for an exceptionally creamy texture.
Black-raspberry chocolate-chip is Graeter's most famous flavor and has earned fans far beyond Ohio.
OKLAHOMA: The Ice Creamatory in Norman
The Ice Creamatory.
Samantha R./Yelp
The Ice Creamatory has become one of Oklahoma's standout dessert destinations by making inventive, small-batch ice cream with premium ingredients in a spooky, funeral-themed setting.
The shop frequently rotates seasonal and made-in-house flavors.
OREGON: Salt & Straw in Portland
Salt & Straw.
Xavier I./Yelp
Salt & Straw became one of the most prominent names in Portland's food scene after opening in 2011, thanks to imaginative flavors that pushed far beyond traditional vanilla and chocolate.
Sea salt with caramel ribbons is arguably the shop's signature flavor, alongside creative favorites like honey lavender and strawberry honey balsamic with black pepper.
PENNSYLVANIA: Bassetts Ice Cream in Philadelphia
Bassetts Ice Cream.
An N./Yelp
Founded in 1861, Bassetts is known as one of America's oldest ice cream companies. It has been a fixture inside Philadelphia's Reading Terminal Market since the market opened in 1892, and it is the only remaining merchant to have operated there since day one.
Its rich, dense ice cream has made it one of the city's most enduring culinary landmarks.
RHODE ISLAND: Gray's Ice Cream in Tiverton
Gray's Ice Cream.
Elle S./Yelp
Gray's Ice Cream has been serving homemade ice cream since 1923 and remains one of Rhode Island's quintessential roadside stops and the state's oldest operating ice cream shop.
The family-owned shop is especially popular during the summer, when visitors line up for generous scoops after a day at the beach.
SOUTH CAROLINA: Off Track Ice Cream in Charleston
Off Track Ice Cream.
Lea D./Yelp
Off Track Ice Cream has earned a following by making small-batch ice cream with local ingredients and creative flavor combinations.
The Charleston shop is known for rotating seasonal menus that highlight local flavors like brown-butter pecan, Key-lime pie, and seasonal fruit flavors.
SOUTH DAKOTA: SDSU Dairy Bar in Brookings
SDSU Dairy Bar.
Chad W./Yelp
Operated by South Dakota State University and its students, the SDSU Dairy Bar has been serving ice cream made with milk from the university's own dairy herd for decades.
It's become a favorite stop for students, alums, and travelers, and is said to have invented the ice-cream flavor cookies and cream in 1979.
TENNESSEE: Old Mill Creamery in Pigeon Forge
Old Mill Creamery.
Lauren E./Yelp
Located beside the historic Old Mill, this creamery has become a must-visit stop for families exploring the Smoky Mountains.
The shop makes waffle cones from scratch and incorporates fresh ingredients made around the Old Mill complex into its flavors. It serves generous scoops of Southern specialties, such as blackberry cobbler, oatmeal cream pie, and banana pudding.
TEXAS: Amy's Ice Creams in Austin
Amy's Ice Creams.
Sandy Y./Yelp
Amy's Ice Creams has been delighting Texans since 1984 with quirky flavors, energetic scoopers, and made-to-order creations with plenty of toppings to choose from.
The Austin original has since become one of the state's most recognizable dessert brands.
UTAH: Aggie Ice Cream in Logan
Aggie Ice Cream.
Janet C./Yelp
Aggie Ice Cream has been made by Utah State University since the 1880s and is one of the state's most beloved traditions.
The creamery gives students hands-on experience while serving premium ice cream to fellow students, alums, and visitors.
VERMONT: Ben & Jerry's in Waterbury
Ben & Jerry's.
Jennifer Y./Yelp
Few ice cream brands are more recognizable than Ben & Jerry's. Founded in Vermont in 1978 by childhood friends Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, the company grew from a scoop shop inside a gas station in Burlington into an international phenomenon.
Visitors to the Waterbury factory can tour the facility and sample iconic flavors like Cherry Garcia, Phish Food, and Half Baked.
VIRGINIA: Island Creamery on Chincoteague Island
Island Creamery.
Anthony M./Yelp
Once voted the top ice cream shop in America by USA Today, Island Creamery has been serving small-batch, farm-fresh ice cream on Virginia's Eastern Shore since 1975.
Signature flavors include Marsh Mud (rich dark chocolate) and Pony Tracks (vanilla ice cream, hot fudge, peanut butter, and peanut butter cups).
WASHINGTON: Molly Moon's Homemade Ice Cream in Seattle
Molly Moon's Homemade Ice Cream.
Dewayne P./Yelp
Since opening in 2008, Molly Moon's has become Seattle's signature scoop shop by sourcing milk, fruit, and other ingredients from Washington farms.
Maple walnut and salted caramel are among the shop's bestselling flavors.
WEST VIRGINIA: The Frozen Barn in Oak Hill
The Frozen Barn.
The Frozen Barn/Yelp
The Frozen Barn has become a favorite stop for visitors exploring New River Gorge National Park.
The family-owned shop is known for handcrafted ice cream, oversized waffle cones, and signature ice cream sundaes.
WISCONSIN: Chocolate Shoppe Ice Cream in Madison
Chocolate Shoppe Ice Cream.
Nicole D./Yelp
Chocolate Shoppe has been scooping homemade ice cream since 1962 and has grown into one of Wisconsin's most beloved brands.
The company has earned national awards while staying true to its rich recipes for flavors such as chocolate and peanut-butter cookie.
WYOMING: Farson Mercantile in Farson
Farson Mercantile.
Rachel G./Yelp
Farson Mercantile may be a tiny country store, but it's home to one of Wyoming's biggest ice cream legends.
Travelers routinely make detours just to order one of its famously oversize soft-serve and traditional cones, which are so large they're often photographed before they're eaten.
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Erin McDowell
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Erin McDowell is a reporter on Business Insider's editorial partnerships team. She covers food, lifestyle, and entertainment for Business Insider and its partner sites, including MSN, Apple News, and Yahoo.She graduated from Elon University in January 2019, where she studied strategic communications and digital art. She has written for V Magazine, Milk.XYZ, OUT.com, Brides Magazine, and more. She lives in Brooklyn, New York, and can be found on LinkedIn. Please send all inquiries, comments, or tips to [email protected].Selected stories:
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'Big Short' star Michael Burry says buying a home is rarely a good investment — but may still be worth it
By
Theron Mohamed
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Michael Burry of "The Big Short" fame says housing isn't a great investment.
Astrid Stawiarz/Getty Images
Michael Burry, who knows a thing or two about the housing market, says that buying a home is usually a mediocre investment.
"I calculated the long-term after tax return on residential real estate over a 50 year adult life is about 4.5% after tax including expected maintenance costs," he said in a Substack post on Monday.
He said that's a similar return to what a "good bond" offers, but housing has "lagged the S&P 500 badly" over the past 25 years, despite experiencing "remarkable" appreciation during that timeframe.
The median sale price of a home sold in the US has jumped by about 140% since 2001, from around $170,000 to $403,000, per the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
The S&P 500 has surged more than 400% over the same period, from below 1,500 points to above 7,500 points today.
In his Substack post, Burry wrote that houses have become bigger and bigger over the decades, making older homes worth less on average, unless they're on valuable land.
"I've looked at this every which way," he wrote. "The main thing in buying a house is the utility one gets out of owning it, the lifestyle and lifecycle benefits."
In other words, people are unlikely to make much money on their homes, but they might still want to own one to have a stable place to live and raise their families, build communities, enjoy a neighborhood with nice amenities, and grow old in comfort.
Burry is best known for his prescient bet against the mid-2000s housing bubble, which was immortalized in the book and movie "The Big Short." He pivoted from running a hedge fund to writing about his personal investments on Substack late last year.
He's one of several high-profile commentators to underscore the appeal of stocks as investments.
Wharton professor Jeremy Siegel parsed over 200 years of market data to write "Stocks for the Long Run," and found that US stocks gained an average of 7% a year after inflation.
Warren Buffett has touted stocks over other assets such as cash and bonds, which he views as more vulnerable to inflation, and gold, which doesn't generate cash flows or pay dividends.
The legendary investor has also spoken positively about real estate over the years, but he's noted transactions can be complex and stocks are much more liquid.
"Rich Dad Poor Dad" author Robert Kiyosaki famously says a person's home is not an asset but a liability, because instead of generating income for them, it imposes costs such as mortgages, taxes, insurance, and maintenance.
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Theron Mohamed
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Theron Mohamed is a London-based correspondent on the Trending team at Business Insider. His coverage spans finance, investing, wealth, markets, and the economy.Theron joined BI in 2019 as a reporter at Markets Insider and rose to the rank of correspondent before moving to the Trending team in 2024. He previously covered tech, media, and telecom stocks for Investors Chronicle magazine and had a brief stint on the Financial Times' Data team. He interned at the Wall Street Journal in New York where he primarily wrote for Heard on the Street.Theron has freelanced for The Independent, The Telegraph, WIRED, and several smaller publications. He holds an undergraduate degree in geography from the London School of Economics, and a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University.Theron often covers Warren Buffett, Michael Burry, Jeremy Grantham and other top-flight investors. He also writes about the world's wealthiest people and shares financial advice from all manner of rich and successful people.Email Theron at [email protected] and follow him on X @theron_mohamed.Expertise
Corporate finance
Stocks and investing
Wealth and philanthropy
Business history
US economy
Warren Buffett and Berkshire Hathaway
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