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Gujrel, a software developer, is part of a surge of nationalism under way in Canada. Since US President Donald Trump returned to office last year, relations between the two countries have grown strained amid waves of US tariffs.

The tensions have made Gujrel “way more conscious” about buying locally sourced products, he said. He switched his almond milk brand and stopped buying LaCroix, replacing the American sparkling water with a Canadian alternative.

“Anything that we can clearly see that’s Canadian, we will take,” Gujrel told Al Jazeera outside a No Frills grocery store on Wednesday.

That kind of shopping has become increasingly common in Canada over the past year. Trump’s tariffs, along with his repeated comments about making Canada the “51st state”, have fuelled a movement to boycott US products and spend money closer to home.

“I don’t want … our money to go to the US in any way that I can avoid,” Gujrel said.

There’s little sign that feeling is fading. Margaret Chapman, the chief operating officer at the market research company Narrative Research, said her firm has been tracking Canadians’ attitudes towards buying domestic products for roughly a year and a half.

“The initiative among Canadians to buy Canadian and support Canadian is not a fleeting sentiment,” Chapman told Al Jazeera. “It’s very strong, and it’s ongoing, and it’s probably set to last.”

A renewed escalation in the trade war, however, could make that commitment more complicated. Experts have warned that consumer prices could rise and job losses are possible.

Already, the trade war is at a critical juncture. In late August, tensions between the US and Canada spiked after negotiations failed to head off Trump’s threatened 50 percent tariffs on nearly $20bn worth of Canadian products, including machinery, textiles and hockey sticks.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney later accused the US of inserting last-minute demands into the negotiations, including terms that were “uneconomic, unfair and undermined the net benefits for Canada”.

The US tariffs took effect on August 22. In response, on Tuesday, Canada imposed a new round of retaliatory tariffs of between 15 and 50 percent on roughly $20bn worth of US imports.

Carney explained that the measures were a “dollar-for-dollar” response, targeting US products from steel and aluminium to dairy, appliances, clothing and cosmetics.

When will Canadians feel the impact of tariffs?

So far, many shoppers interviewed by Al Jazeera said they had not noticed any drastic price increases. Economists say that is not surprising.

The advisory firm Oxford Economics estimates that just 0.25 percent of the average consumer basket is directly affected by the new tariffs, largely because many of the goods Canada targeted are used by businesses rather than bought directly by shoppers.

But some of the costs could still reach consumers indirectly over time. For example, while relatively few finished food products are directly affected, there are tariffs on the materials used to package them, including metal cans, glass containers and plastic films.

That means that, while the food items themselves are not subject to tariffs, they still could become more expensive.

Retail analyst Bruce Winder said many stores are also still selling inventory purchased before the tariffs took effect, so price increases could take time to show up.

“I think that you’ll probably see some shelf prices increase in the next several weeks,” he said.

For now, much of the direct financial burden is expected to fall on businesses. Oxford Economics estimates that businesses will bear at least half the cost of the new counter-tariffs, while households will bear about 20 percent through higher prices.

But Winder said there is only so much retailers can absorb, particularly if tariffs of 25 or 50 percent remain in place.

And for many Canadians, the uncertainty surrounding the trade war may matter as much as what is happening to prices.

“I think the larger piece here is the fear, the concern, the anxiety that it’s created,” said Winder. “Even though the tariffs, you can argue, might not hit your pocketbook as much, I think people are a little nervous right now because of the potential employment impacts.”

Can Canadians afford to keep buying Canadian?

This all comes as Canadians are already feeling squeezed.

Meeda Buzzeri, who works in finance, said she has been deliberately trying to buy Canadian and avoiding US products where she can. For her, it is partly about pushing back against Trump.

“Canada is a great economy and a large economy, and we’re not another state of the US,” she said.

But she admits choosing Canadian could get harder if it means paying significantly more.

“There would be a point where it’s like, OK, this is getting extreme,” Buzzeri said. “My grocery prices are getting too much.”

So far, however, research suggests that the buy-Canadian movement is resilient.

One study by Narrative Research found that 76 percent of respondents chose a hypothetical basket of entirely Canadian groceries, worth 120 Canadian dollars, or $86.50, over a cheaper basket likely sourced from the US, worth 100 Canadian dollars, or $72.

Even when the Canadian basket cost 140 Canadian dollars — roughly $101 — 70 percent of respondents still chose it.

“People said they would do it, and they are doing it,” Chapman said. “Even in tough economic times … people are willing to put more of their dollars if it’s supporting Canadian.”

Gujrel is among them. He said he would pay more for a Canadian product although, if it cost twice as much, he might reconsider.

Experts say that may be the real test of consumer commitment to the trend: not whether Canadians want to support domestic businesses, but how much more they can afford to do it. %!s()

The train, which was carrying 186 passengers, was travelling on Friday between the Normandy cities of Rouen and Caen when it derailed at about 7:45pm (17:45 GMT), French Transport Minister Philippe Tabarot said on X.

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Local authorities said they had activated a mass-casualty response plan, deploying 130 firefighters, five medical teams and 80 vehicles to the scene.

Rouen prosecutor Sebastien Gallois said 44 people were injured, including an 18-year-old woman who was evacuated in “critical condition”.

According to the prefecture of Seine-Maritime, the young woman was evacuated by helicopter to Rouen University Hospital.

One passenger, Louis, 24, told local radio ICI Normandie: “Suddenly there were a few jolts, and then after about three seconds it got stronger and stronger.”

He added, “I couldn’t stay in my seat any more. The windows partially shattered, the stones from the track came into the carriage. It was really shocking. I’m still shaking.”

SNCF Reseau, which manages France’s rail network, said traffic on the line had been suspended and power to the tracks was cut to allow emergency services to operate.

“The priority is to care for the passengers and then to restore safe operating conditions,” the company said.

Gallois said tests for drugs and alcohol on the train driver had come back negative.

Rail authorities and police are investigating the cause of the derailment. %!s()

The idea fascinated Juan Manuel Vazquez while he was a graduate student at the University of Chicago. At the time, however, there was little published genomic information about bats that could help answer questions about longevity. After becoming a UC Berkeley postdoctoral fellow in 2020, he began searching across the Western U.S. for bat species that could provide tissue samples for DNA sequencing.

With help from Berkeley undergraduates, Vazquez traveled throughout the region, setting up mist nets over streams, ponds and rivers at night. The team captured bats, collected small biopsy samples and released the animals. Much of the work focused on the genus Myotis, which includes some species with exceptionally long lifespans. One Brandt's myotis, Myotis brandtii, was banded in Europe and then recaptured 50 years later.

Bat Genomes Reveal a Longevity Connection

In a new study published in Nature, Vazquez and his colleagues present the first analysis of eight Myotis genomes. Their results point to a strong connection between lifespan and immune function. The longer-lived bats had higher levels of genes associated with fighting cancer.

The findings suggest that longevity may depend in part on an immune system that remains highly effective against both infectious organisms and cancer. Researchers also found substantial overlap between genes associated with aging and genes involved in disease defense, suggesting that studying one process could help explain the other.

"Bats evolved to live for a long time without getting diseases, which suggests that we don't necessarily need to look at diseases of aging and diseases of infection as completely separate fields," Vazquez said. "We can look at these bats and try to understand how, in the same way you can improve your immune system to fight off viruses, maybe you can improve your immune system so it doesn't decline in old age. Or maybe bats can help us find ways to fight off tumors so our immune system doesn't get tired, and that can also help us deal with other stresses of life and not exhaust our immunity."

Damaged Bat Cells Choose Self-Destruction

As part of the study, Vazquez grew cells collected from bat wing biopsies in the laboratory. (He currently has cell cultures from 259 individuals representing 32 species.) He then exposed the cultured cells to toxic chemicals to see how they responded to severe damage.

The longest-lived bat in his sample, the widespread little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), reacted in an unexpected way. Instead of switching on genes that produce DNA repair proteins, the cells increased the activity of genes that promote cell death.

"We found the literal opposite of what we expected if you treat the bats with a lethal dose of this chemical," he said. "The longest-lived bat in North America decides 'I can't save this ship' and immediately switches gears to prioritize killing off the cells that are damaged. The elephant, another cancer-resistant species that is long-lived, has the exact same strategy -- if you can't save the cell, kill the cell."

The result suggests that animals may have evolved very different strategies for preventing damaged cells from becoming dangerous. Understanding those strategies could provide valuable clues about longevity, according to Peter Sudmant, a Berkeley associate professor of integrative biology who studies the genetics of aging and lifespan.

"By looking across the diversity of life and the remarkable longevities of different species, we hope we can better understand the interplay between DNA damage and the immune system to enable us to have full and healthy life spans," he said.

"If you start looking at long-lived species like elephants, whales and bats, you start finding ways that nature has actually already resolved a lot of these problems in human health," Vazquez added.

Longevity, an Active Lifestyle and an Immune System on High Alert

Bats have been remarkably successful since they first appeared about 60 million years ago. Today, they account for 20% of all mammal species, occupy habitats on every continent except Antarctica, and have adapted to a wide range of ecological niches.

Among the 1,511 known bat species, about 139 belong to the Myotis genus. These bats are especially interesting because closely related species can have dramatically different lifespans. Brandt's myotis can survive for half a century, while the black Myotis, Myotis nigricans, of South and Central America, lives only about seven years. Vazquez compared the contrast to a hypothetical situation in which our close relative, Homo neanderthalensis, lived nine times longer than modern Homo sapiens.

Another unusual feature of bats is their immune system. Scientists have found that it operates at an unusually high level, helping bats control damaging inflammation while they live with persistent viral infections without becoming sick.

That ability allows healthy bats to host an extraordinary variety of viruses. Some of those viruses, including viruses related to the cause of COVID-19, can spill over into humans.

Researchers have proposed that bats' powerful immune systems may be connected to their intense physical activity. Vazquez compares the nightly flights bats make while hunting insects to running several ultramarathons every day.

"Bats have evolved this incredible fitness capacity, this incredible ability to deal with disease and this incredible ability to be able to prevent cancer," he said. "That means that, by understanding how bats have evolved to do all these things that other mammals haven't, we can find completely new and unexpected ways of dealing with the normal things that cause human diseases."

Longevity Genes Also Help Bats Fight Viruses

The new genomic analysis offers another intriguing connection. Whenever Vazquez identified a gene associated with bat lifespan, his collaborator Elise Lauterbur, then at the University of Arizona, had often identified the same gene as one involved in interactions between bats and viruses.

"There is way more overlap than you would expect just by random chance between the genes that are associated with longevity and genes that are associated with viral interactions," he said.

Researchers also found that Myotis bats possess an unusually large number of genes that produce proteins interacting with DNA viruses, such as herpes viruses, which carry their genetic information in DNA.

Those proteins can either assist viral infection or help protect the animal. One protective function, for example, can involve increasing production of interferon, an antiviral signaling protein that helps coordinate immune defenses.

"DNA viral interacting proteins were strongly enriched for selection in bats in contrast to most other mammals, where there is a very strong enrichment for selection for both DNA and RNA viral interacting proteins," Sudmant said.

Humans and other primates show a different pattern. They tend to have more genes producing proteins that interact with RNA viruses, including viruses such as COVID and HIV, compared with DNA viruses.

Why Bat Viruses Can Be So Dangerous to Humans

That evolutionary mismatch between bat and human immune defenses could help explain why some viruses that move from bats into people can cause serious zoonotic diseases.

"Humans and bats are badly suited to each other," Vazquez said. "That is one of the reasons why we have to be careful working with bats -- it's a two-way street for zoonoses. We don't want to give the bat something and we don't want to get something from the bat. That mismatch is definitely something we should look into more."

Vazquez is continuing to investigate the genetic mechanisms that control longevity using cell cultures in his new faculty position at Pennsylvania State University. Sudmant, meanwhile, is focusing more closely on how those cells regulate their immune responses.

"One thing that I'm really excited about is the trade-off between how a bat protects itself by producing proteins that attack the genomes of viruses but also protects its own genome from being attacked by those proteins," he said.

Sudmant currently maintains cell cultures from numerous primate species and is using them to investigate the genetics of longevity and the relationship between lifespan and DNA repair genes.

In addition to Vazquez, Sudmant and Lauterbur, now at the University of Vermont, other co-authors of the paper include Lucie Etienne of the École Normale Supérieure in Lyon, France, and David Enard of the University of Arizona in Tucson. The work was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. %!s()

That year's US Open had concluded just two days earlier, with Lleyton Hewitt winning the men's singles title.

American player James Blake had lost in the second round that year and was in Augusta, Georgia, on Tuesday, 11 September.

But the New York-born future world number four says the day "shattered the guise of safety" felt by Americans and many professional tennis players.

"It was something that I just couldn't believe could happen in the States," Blake told BBC Sport.

"I don't know if we were all naive, or living under the guise of safety and feeling that everything was going to be OK, but it kind of shattered that for a while.

"There was a lot of panic, at every level - whether it be from the highest of highs in the political world to the people on the ground, to everyone around Ground Zero."

Blake, who would later reach two US Open quarter-finals, was in Augusta for a sweat test, having struggled with cramp during the tournament.

His father, though, was still in New York, where he worked. With mobile phone networks overloaded, there was an uncomfortable wait to discover he was safe and well.

Blake was living in Florida at the time, and with planes grounded, took a hire car from Augusta back to Tampa.

His next tournament was in Hong Kong two weeks later, and he admits it was far from easy to board the plane.

"It was definitely scary because I think you get so isolated in tennis," he said.

"You feel like the little bubble you are in, where you are a kind of travelling circus, is normal.

"And then when you realise how restricted travel can be, it wakes you up a little bit to the reality and how quickly things can change.

"It felt like there was a safety net around you. We lived in a bit of a dream world where you are living your dream of playing a sport for a living, and that can all be taken away."

Many domestic sporting events were paused in the aftermath of the attacks, and the Ryder Cup - which had been scheduled to take place at The Belfry in England later that month - was postponed by 12 months.

In Blake's view, the return of competitive sport helped enormously.

"I think that was one of the things that brought the country back," he said.

"Sports were stopped, but when they came back having [then President] George W Bush throwing out the first pitch at a Yankees game - I'm not a Yankees fan, and I can't say I was necessarily a George W Bush fan - I was almost in tears at that moment.

"It was special to have a sitting president [do that]. And it also signified we are back - we are going to have sports, we are going to continue on with our lives.

"The world seemed like it was back on track in a small way."

There is always a ceremony to mark the anniversary when the date falls during the US Open, and there was a moment's silence before both of Friday's men's singles semi-finals.

Before the night session - and the all-American semi-final between Ben Shelton and Frances Tiafoe - a giant American flag was unfurled on court before R&B artist JoJo sang The Star-Spangled Banner.

Speaking on court after a four-set victory that secured his place in a maiden Grand Slam final, Shelton said: "It's a difficult day to be out here playing - my thoughts and prayers go out to all the families who were impacted by 9/11."

Blake added: "To me it's a really poignant moment.

"The 2001 US Open, I remember so well. What would have happened if it happened two or three days earlier, and we were all still there?

"To be perfectly honest, a lot of times I feel playing the national anthem at smaller sporting events is unnecessary.

"But for the US Open, being such an international event and having it around 9/11, I think it is a great moment.

"It gives you a chance to reflect." %!s()

President Donald Trump led a Pentagon ceremony, while US Vice-President JD Vance attended a memorial at the site of the World Trade Center in New York, along with all four living former US presidents and first ladies.

Moments of silence were held to mark the timings of the attacks and the names of nearly 3,000 people who died were read out.

Commemorations were also held in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, where Flight 93 crashed after passengers fought back against the hijackers.

George W Bush, who was president at the time of the attacks, was joined by former Presidents Joe Biden, Barack Obama and Bill Clinton at Friday's ceremony.

At the Pentagon, President Trump attended a commemoration alongside cabinet secretaries and Condoleezza Rice, who was US secretary of state on 9/11.

"Today we renew the sacred oath that we first swore in their names a quarter of a century ago," Trump said. "We will never, ever forget. That's why we fight today."

He sought to link the "war on terror" that followed 9/11, which sparked years of US involvement in Middle East wars, with his current conflict in Iran.

Trump told the crowd that the Islamic Republic "will never, ever have a nuclear weapon".

Janice Brooks had only moved to New York a couple of weeks before 9/11 to begin what she calls "the biggest adventure", working for a company on the 84th floor of the South Tower of the World Trade Center.

She told the BBC she was in the office when the first plane hit the North Tower. While she was evacuating, the second plane hit with an "almighty thud".

Brooks said she heard "one of those horror film screams" as a woman was hit by debris. She looked up and saw a "big gaping hole" where her office should have been.

Every year on 11 September, bells ring to commemorate the exact time that each of the four planes crashed, and the exact time the Twin Towers fell.

Each of the six bells is followed by a moment of silence.

This year, a seventh bell was rung to commemorate the thousands who died from diseases including cancer after the attacks.

Illnesses related to dust and smoke from the towers' collapse have since claimed more than threefold the nearly 3,000 lives lost in the attacks, US health officials say.

As the names of the dead were read out for nearly four hours at the ceremony in Manhattan, a 9/11 widow criticised Saudi Arabia and what she characterised as failures by US officials to hold the kingdom accountable.

"You are missed more with each year that passes," Terry Strada said of her husband Tom Strada in remarks broadcast live worldwide.

"But how can it be 25 years and still we have no justice for the role that Saudi Arabia played in your murder?"

The commenty by Mrs Strada, national chairperson of 9/11 Families United, drew applause from the audience.

The majority of the hijackers who carried out the 9/11 attacks were from Saudi Arabia and planning was led by al-Qaeda founder Osama Bin-Laden, scion of a prominent Saudi family.

But Saudi officials have repeatedly denied any involvement in the terrorist attacks, and in 2004 the 9/11 Commission Report cleared the country of any involvement.

Events were also held elsewhere to honour the victims. In London, there was a ceremonial event at Buckingham Palace attended by Foreign Secretary Ed Miliband and the US ambassador Warren Stephens.

The Toronto Stock Exchange also held an event to remember colleagues who died in the attacks.

In Milan, a group of Italian and US firefighters participated in a ceremonial stair climb to honour the emergency responders who died in the line of duty.

Dressed in their uniforms and carrying equipment, they climbed 110 floors up and down the Galfa Tower, in remembrance of the number of storeys on each of the Twin Towers.